Motives for British Imperialism in Africa - 5664 Words

Motives for British Imperialism in Africa Before the Europeans began the New Imperialism in Africa, very little was known about the inner parts of the continent. However, after some explorers delved deeper into the heart of Africa, the Europeans soon realized how economically important this area was, and how much they could profit from it. At the time, Britain had only small occupations of land in Africa, but after they realized that they could make money from the rich resources from the inner regions of Africa, they wanted to invade the African countries and take over. This led to the scramble and ultimately, the partition of Africa. During the Age of Imperialism, from 1870-1914, Britain was a major country, which proved to be true in†¦show more content†¦They took up the scientific ideas of natural selection and the survival of the fittest and applied the concepts to the human social world. However, some westerners actually genuinely thought that they should help and westernize the inferior countries of the world . The British went into Africa, thinking that it was their duty to spread their advances of medicine, law, western civilization, and the Christian religion. This was proved to be embraced in the anthem of imperialism, called the White Mans Burden by Rudyard Kipling. He expressed in the poem that the duty of the white man was to teach and help the people who they cast the inferior rank to. However, it is hard to believe that this was Britains most important goal in their imperialism. Finally, the most important reason to British imperialism was their desire to advance economically. Their economy was primarily based on trade, and because colonies could be added as a form of imperial control, it only furthered and expanded trade. Because such countries as Germany and France began to rise to power, Britain was confronted with competition, so they felt that they had to take the African land first. The British feared that as the other countries began to become stronger and more stab le, they would steal their markets, so that is how the scramble for Africa starts. As for the Suez Canal, it became extremely important for money making TheShow MoreRelated Motives for British Imperialism in Africa Essay5613 Words   |  23 PagesMotives for British Imperialism in Africa Before the Europeans began the New Imperialism in Africa, very little was known about the inner parts of the continent. However, after some explorers delved deeper into the heart of Africa, the Europeans soon realized how economically important this area was, and how much they could profit from it. At the time, Britain had only small occupations of land in Africa, but after they realized that they could make money from the rich resources from the innerRead MoreMotives That Contributed to Imperialism732 Words   |  3 PagesMOTIVES THAT CONTRIBUTED TO IMPERIALISM Imperialism is defined in the dictionary as being a The policy of extending a nations authority by territorial acquisition or by establishing economic and political hegemony over other nations (p 681 American Heritage college Dictionary). Usually people associate imperialism as being the domination of a small country by a larger, more powerful country, usually to the advantage of the larger country. At the beginning of the nineteenth century most of theRead MoreHow Did Imperialism Effect The Areas Of Africa, China, And India?1615 Words   |  7 PagesEffects of Imperialism How did imperialism effect the areas of Africa, China, and India? Imperialism is the act of a strong nation overtaking a smaller, weaker nation. There are many reasons why imperialism occurs, including motives from an economic standpoint, as well as just a way to show and achieve power. There were both positive and negative effects to imperialism, with the loss of many original citizens, but gaining different ways of life through cultural diffusion. For instance, many EuropeanRead MoreImperialism And Its Impact On The Domestic Institutions Of Africa Essay1525 Words   |  7 PagesImperialism, when one country dominates another for its own benefit, is an expansion policy that has reigned for centuries. Over time, imperialism has drastically changed in its magnitude and severity. At the turn of the nineteenth century, a â€Å"new,† more aggressive and competitive form of imperialism emerged and completely dismantled the domestic institutions of various developing countries. Africa in the nineteenth century is a prime example of the â€Å"ne w† imperialism in effect. How was Africa affectedRead MoreNotes on Colonialism and Imperialism1489 Words   |  6 PagesChapter 33 Notes * Foundations of empire * Motives of imperialism * Modern imperialism * Refers to domination of industrialized countries over subject lands * Domination achieved through trade, investment, and business activities * Two types of modern colonialism * Colonies ruled and populated by migrants * Colonies controlled by imperial powers without significant settlement * Economic motives of imperialism * European merchants and entrepreneurs made personalRead MoreThe War Of The Colonial Expansion1472 Words   |  6 PagesFriedrich Fabri is in favor of the colonial expansion because he believes it will be quite beneficial for their economy and national development. His view on the motives for the imperialism is that it will be economic and political. Fabri states in his article, â€Å"Many things in the new nation are already made bitter through unproductive political quarreling, soured and poisoned, so that the notification of a new promising course of national development will produce a liberating effect, as the nationalRead MoreA New Concept Of Foreign Affairs1477 Words   |  6 Pagescentury a new concept of foreign affairs was introduced to Asia and Africa: New Imperialism. New Imperialism began in the 19th century when Europeans, mainly Great Britain, began colonizing Asia and Africa. Europeans used military, political, and economic power to take over weaker countries. I mperialism had an overall negative effect on the indigenous people of Asia and Africa. Economic motives were a major cause of New Imperialism. By the late 1870’s countries were industrializing rapidly. GreatRead MoreThe Colonization Of Africa During The Late Nineteenth Century936 Words   |  4 PagesImperialism occurs when a strong nation takes over a weaker nation or region for economic, political, or social reasons. This type of foreign policy was practiced by European nations throughout the 1800s and early 1900s. Began in 1870s, Europeans started to colonize Asia and Africa by using military force to take control of local governments and exploited local economies for raw materials required by Europe’s growing industry. The takeover of Africa during the late nineteenth century has been knownRead MoreThe Heart Of Darkness By Joseph Conrad1305 Words   |  6 PagesKashif Qureshi Western Civilization II 4/18/2016 Question #1 Imperialism is when a country is extending it’s influence by acquiring other governments or territories through diplomacy or military force.There are many motives for imperialism attributed to the different characters in â€Å"The Heart of Darkness† by Joseph Conrad. For example the men who work for the Company describe what they do as trade, and their treatment of native Africans is part of a humane project of civilization. But what theseRead MoreImperialism in South Africa1078 Words   |  5 PagesDuring Imperialistic times South Africa was a region of great resources that was greatly disputed over (Ellis). Europe’s main goal during these times was to compete against each other and played a â€Å"game† of which country can imperialize more African countries than the other. Imperialism was a curse to South Africa, because many wars, laws, and deaths were not necessary and would not have happened if South Africa were not imperialized. Imperialism is the domination by one country of political, economic

Essay on Piagets Learning Theory in Elementary Education

Piaget’s Learning Theory in Elementary Education In order to support children’s growth educators try to provide a stimulating classroom environment. They implement different strategies, tools and practices to help achieve this goal. Since educators play an important role in children’s development they should be familiar with developmental psychology and know of its educational implications in the classroom. There are two major approaches of developmental psychology: (1) Cognitive development as it relates to Piaget and (2) social development as it relates to Vygotsky. An educator may find it useful to study Piaget’s theory of cognitive development to help children build on their own knowledge. Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development.†¦show more content†¦In the sensorimotor stage the child discovers the environment through physical actions such as sucking, grabbing, shaking and pushing. During these first two years of life children realize objects still exist, even if it is out of view. This concept is known as object permanence. Children in the preoperational stage develop language skills, but may only grasp an idea with repeated exposure. As Piaget describes in the next stage, children draw on knowledge that is based on real life situations to provide more logical explanations and predictions. Lastly, in the formal operational stage children use higher levels of thinking and present abstract ideas. The concept of equilibrium and disequilibrium are important to the four stages of development. Equilibrium is achieved through balance and successful stage transition while disequilibrium is the opposite. In achieving this balance the child â€Å"adjust his or her thinking (schema) to resolve conflict† (Powell Kalina, 2009, p. 241). According to Piaget, assimilation occurs when knowledge matches children’s schemas and accommodation occurs when children change their schemas to fit new knowledge. Educational Implications of Piaget’s Theory. Piaget’s theory of cognitive development is well-known and provides a basic understanding of the cognitive process and how childrenShow MoreRelatedJean Piaget s Influence On Children961 Words   |  4 Pagesissues. The abnormality of his home sparked an interest in Piaget to learn and discover outside of regular school curriculum. During his elementary school years, Piaget implored Paul Godet, the director at the Neuchatel museum of Naturel History, to allow him the pleasure of studying â€Å"the museum’s mollusk collection after hours† (Brainerd, 1996, 191). Godet became Piaget’s tutor, teaching him the methods of classification. Piaget began publishing his discoveries in 1907 at the age of ten. However, as wordRead MoreThe Theory Of Child Development1053 Words   |  5 Pagesconsider theories of child development when creating lesson plans, are more effective. As art educators, we understand that it i s our responsibility to educate ourselves on the latest research of art development in order to better serve our educational institutions through providing a quality art education for the future generations of innovators in America. Piaget’s stages of cognitive development stages thoroughly explain the biological transition that occurs in elementary school learning and laidRead MoreAlbert Bandura s Social Learning Theory1503 Words   |  7 PagesBandura’s Social Learning Theory with Piaget’s Cognitive Theory. compare and contrast Albert Bandura’s Social Learning Theory with Piaget’s Cognitive Theory. How applicable is the Social learning Theory to the Zambian Educational system. Both Albert Bandura and Jean Piaget were psychologists who contributed greatly in the field of psychology. This implies that there are some similarities and differences between Albert Bandura’s Social learning theories with Piaget’s cognitive theory. On the otherRead MorePiaget s Theory Of Cognitive Development Theory745 Words   |  3 PagesPiaget s Theory of Cognitive Development Numerous papers have been written on Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development Theory. Most fall short of helping others understand what exactly Jean Piaget means when it comes to the three basic components to Piaget’s Cognitive Theory. These two articles I have chosen to use in this paper, give the best explanation on his theory. This paper will go into detail on the key concepts of Piaget’s Cognitive Theory and hopefully help others understand in itsRead MoreReflection: Kids Are Different Today1458 Words   |  6 Pagesthat their answer would be quite different from those two already mentioned. Today, technology is not the only element that has affected change on children in today’s world. The article, â€Å"Kids Really Are Different These Days,† discusses how â€Å"Upper elementary children today, while retaining many of the characteristics ascribed to them generations ago by theorists such as Piaget, Erikson, and Kohlberg, are differentâ₠¬  (Coyl, 2009, p.404). Diana D. Coyle discusses how physical development, media and technologyRead MorePiagets Theory of Cognitive Development Essays1715 Words   |  7 Pagesby the age of 10, completed his bachelor’s degree by the age of 18, and at the age of 22 received his PhD from the University of Neuchatel. Piaget spent many years of his life researching the developmental and cognitive knowledge of children. The Theory of Cognitive Development places focus on human intelligence and developmental thinking. â€Å"Influenced by his background in biology, Piaget (1950) viewed intelligence as a process that helps an organism adapt to its environment† (Rider and SigelmanRead MoreThe Stages Of The Stage Essay1351 Words   |  6 Pageslogically, and abstractly, and be able to identify relationships between things (Cherry, 2015). The Piagetian conservational task created by Jean Piaget is separated into seven different tasks, number, length, liquid, mass, area, weight, and volume. This theory by Piaget was created to test the logical thinking of a child, according to Piaget logical thinking is not shown to be in a child while in the preoperational stage, but they do develop it in the concrete operational stage. These concepts are in thisRead MoreCase Study. Joseph Segovia Is A 28-Year Attending A Small1180 Words   |  5 Pagesattending a small public university in west Texas, where he is enrolled in graduate level Education courses. Joseph is the eldest child of Jose and Jo Ann Segovia, both public school teachers in San Antonio, Texas. Jose is a retired music teacher and school administrator; Jo Ann is currently a Special Education teacher. Joseph has played music professionally all his adult life and has recently begun teaching Elementary music at a Title 1 campus in a large school district in Texas. Physical DescriptionRead MoreVygotsky s Sociocultural Theory Of Development2288 Words   |  10 PagesThis assignment will discuss the overlying theory of Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory of Development as well as Piaget’s Stages of Development. Through outlining each theory and describing the research, a better understanding will be gained in how each can be applied within a primary classroom. Within the sociocultural theory of development lies terms which will be discussed and critiqued in regards to education. The main terms which will be reviewed are the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD),Read MoreThe Explanation of Vygotsky and Piaget’s Theories Essay2257 Words   |  10 PagesThere are many assessments of Vygotsky and Jean Piagets work during their lifetimes and deaths. Many of their theories have gone beyond what I am sure that they had expected for them too. Teachers, researchers and parents dabble in their theories of child development, social development and other theories when going about their lives. Whether it is a job or parenting it is a must to know about these two philosophers and what they believed to be real. Piaget is said to be the founder of cognitive

Personalized Health Care - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 652 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/10/10 Did you like this example? Public health advocacy campaigns play a vital role in creating public awareness on a particular health issue of interest. The idea behind public health campaigns is to sensitize persons on the need to adopt specific cautionary measures to enable them manage the transmission and or infectivity of a health condition. It is important to point out here that there exists diverse definitions of public health. For the purpose of this paper, public health is used to broadly refer to the wellbeing of the entire population (Kindig, 2007). The public health issue of interest in this case is Hepatitis B. Hepatitis B is caused by a viral agent. Upon infection, the virus attacks the liver and may precipitate either acute or chronic disease (World Health Organization, 2017). Transmission of the virus takes place through contact with infected body fluids such as blood. Statistically, over 257 million persons are infected with Hepatitis B. In most cases, Hepatitis B infection is fatal. In 2015, it is estimated that the mortality cases precipitated by Hepatitis B were at least 887,000 (World Health Organization, 2017). Epidemiologically, 6.1% of adults in Africa have the infection while in the Western Pacific area, 6.2% of the adults have the infection (World Health Organization, 2017). From these statistics, it is apparent that the condition is a public health concern hence the choice in this paper. In an effort to manage the transmission of the infection, numerous advocacy campaigns have been initiated by governmental and nongovernmental organizations. All persons are at risk and more so the health care workers. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Personalized Health Care" essay for you Create order The San Francisco Hepatitis B Free (SFHBF) is an advocacy campaign that seeks to rid San Francisco of this deadly infection. The initiative, which was launched in 2007, aims at promoting self-awareness among San Francisco residents, encourage diagnosis and pursuit of the available intervention measures (Bailey et al., 2011). The campaign targets both health care workers and the public. Other than promoting awareness, the initiative also provides subsidized Hepatitis B prevention measures. In China, Hepatitis B advocacy campaign is organized by the Gateway to Care Campaign (Cohen et al., 2015). The initiative was launched in 2010 in Haimen city with the objective of awareness creation among the public. The target in this case, as with the previous case, is the health care workers and the general population. The Gateway to Care initiative used a multivariate approach to disseminate information. The methodology involved the use of print media, give away products with educational content and community based events to create awareness (Cohen et al., 2015). The emphasis of the educational material of each approach is customized to cover the transmission, diagnosis, management and prevention. Using this approach, the success rate is considerably high since at least one of these media is likely to ultimately reach the target group. The methodology of SFHBF adopts a culturally designed approach to create awareness on diagnosis, treatment options, and prevention measures (Bailey et al., 2011). In addition, the program advocates for a change in institutional approach in the diagnosis and management of the condition in patients. It is important to point out here that the SFHBF focusses on optimization of the available applicable resources and integration of the entire package into the existing health care organizations. Through intensive grassroots campaign, SFBHF has achieved remarkable success in halting the incidence of Hepatitis B in its population. The only policy I could possibly change is on the safety precautions and measures for protecting health care workers handling Hepatitis B patients. While most of the current advocacy campaigns emphasize on using the existing health infrastructure, it would be appropriate to have specialized centers for managing Hepatitis B cases due to its infectivity. The specialized centers would be equipped with high technology equipment for diagnosis and management to minimize exposure of the health care workers involved. If I were to develop a modified advocacy campaign, it would be take these recommendations into perspective while at the same time integrating the attributes of the other campaigns highlighted herein.

Essay on Obsession With Looks and Appearance in the Hunger...

Appearance and fashion are important factors that drive our societies today. We live in a world where people are judged by the way they look, dress and carry themselves. This phenomenon is display by Suzanne Collins in her New York Times bestseller trilogy the â€Å"Hunger Games†. In this book, Collins presents a dystopian world, a world that is awful and terrible. The different themes used in this book are violence, corruption, obsession, inequality and physical appearance and they somehow related to our world. She compared Panem with our world. The goal of the book is to warn people that if we don’t used resources efficiently, if we don’t help each other, if we still obsessed with money we will end up killing each other. During the games,†¦show more content†¦A boy and a girl are chosen from each one of the twelve districts and brought to the arena where they have to fight to death where there is only one winner. The game is filmed and projected live on television. Despite the roughness and hard environment, appealing to the viewers and sponsors with looks and personality could result in a victory by itself. After all, it is on television, and though the people of Panem are forced to watch it anyway, they still attempt to make it seem like an entertaining show to watch. During the game, the players are fighting for their district and their own life so appearance should not be as important as it seems but when you add the camera, the sponsors and the public, it takes a whole other level. The player don’t want to look scared, they don’t want to appear weak because showing your weakness and losing mentally. We have this in the 2nd chapter, â€Å"â€Å"Prim, let go, I say harshly, because this is upsetting me and I dont want to cry. When they televise the replay of the reapings tonight, everyone will make note of my tears, and Ill be marked as an easy target. A weakling. I will give no one that satisfaction.† (2.11) After the reapings, katniss is dealing with her emotions but don’t want to have the look of someone who is ready to quit, someone who is not a warrior so she doesShow MoreRelatedComparison Between Rich And Poor, Power, Violence, And Terrorism1398 Words   |  6 Pagesterrorism, seen in the film The Hunger Games. The film industry ranks among the most profitable industries the world over. Every year new films are rolled out to quench the thirsts of an ever-widening fan base. Through the consistent production of movies, followers of this genre of entertainment keep up with the latest developments in the film industry (Collins, 2012). Apart from entertainment, movies help in relaying important messages to the wider masses. The Hunger Games (Dir. Ross) provide an ostensiblyRead More Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa Essay examples2484 Words   |  10 Pagesto the point of death. Imagine throwing up repeatedly after every meal. This may seem too harsh of a reality to comprehend, but between 30-60% of all United States females are on calorie restrictive diets. (Reel, 3) These diets eventually lead to obsessions about their desired weight and often result in an eating disorder. The two most prevalent disorders today are; Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa. Bulimia Nervosa affects 2 to 3 % of all women 15 to 40. Many young women between middle and highRead MoreCampaigning for Real Beauty: Dove ® and Changing Stereotypical Body Images as Seen in the Media3020 Words   |  13 Pagesrealistic looking people. As the modern world has changed, the idea of what is beautiful has changed as well. Since the middle of the last century, female adolescents have developed an obsession with their weight and how their body should look according to what is depicted in the media. As a result, this obsession has turned dangerous. Stress is placed on thinness to the point where looking normal is being underweight. Such a body image has become perfection. This is not only seen on televisionRead MoreObesity in America Essay5140 Words   |  21 Pages Week 5 Assignment- Obesity in America GEN499: General Education Capstone Instructor: Mark Bowles Final Paper: Obesity in America Obesity in America is real and profoundly alarming when you look at the major impact it has on our communities. Major health concerns like diabetes, heart disease and high blood pressure cases are at an all time high. Specifically, the disparity between low-income urban inner cities in regards to obesity as comparedRead More Men’s Conflict With Food, Weight, Shape Appearance Essay3937 Words   |  16 Pagesdoes the general public believe only women are victims of body image and eating disorders? Adolescent to adult males are dangerously preoccupied with the appearance of their bodies. The difference between men and women are men almost never talk openly about this problem. Society has taught them that they shouldn’t be concerned about how they look. But countless numbers of men are sacrificing important aspects of their lives to working out compulsively. This leads to distorted body images, which tiesRead MoreAdonis Complex4044 Words   |  17 Pagesdoes the gen eral public believe only women are victims of body image and eating disorders? Adolescent to adult males are dangerously preoccupied with the appearance of their bodies. The difference between men and women are men almost never talk openly about this problem. Society has taught them that they shouldn t be concerned about how they look. But countless numbers of men are sacrificing important aspects of their lives to working out compulsively. This leads to distorted body images, whichRead MoreIbsen11859 Words   |  48 Pagesmore than you think you can spare; then one of these days I’ll buy something with it† (45). Nora becomes ensnared by an obsession for money through which she hopes to gain a sense of freedom. Torvald looks disapprovingly at Nora’s habits calling her a â€Å"spendthrift [bird]† that uses up â€Å"a frightful amount of money,† but Ibsen soon reveals that the motivation of Nora’s monetary obsession stems from a time of p overty (46). The couple lived through a period of financial burden in which Nora had to make homemadeRead MoreDevelopment by Gustavo Esteva8857 Words   |  36 Pagesa people for attaining their own objectives, conscious as he was that it was madness to pursue the goals that others had set; when Rodolfo Stavenhagen proposes today ethno- development or development with self-confidence, conscious that we need to look within and search for ones own culture instead of using borrowed and foreign views; when Jimoh Omo-Fadaka suggests a development from the bottom up, conscious that all strategies based on a top-down design have failed to reach their explicitlyRead More Eating Disorders: Just Dying to be Perfect Essay5629 Words   |  23 Pagesall silently screaming for something: attention, love, help, escape, or forgiveness. Although we might be looking to fill different voids, we never ask for things we need. We feel unworthy, that for some reason we don’t deserve them. So, we play the game of guess what I need from you. You’re inability to guess just feeds our feelings of worthlessness. K. Martel’s description does not necessarily describe shame, but more how she resorts to internalizing her feelings and the effect it has on herRead MoreAsk the Dust by John Fante13686 Words   |  55 Pagesauthor. Having moved from a small town in Colorado, Bandini rides a roller coaster of emotions as he tries to make a life for himself in the big city. Arturo forms a stormy relationship with a Mexican waitress named Camilla Lopez, who becomes an obsession for him nearly as powerful as his career. Their mutual love and hatred for one another, and for themselves, provides an intensely dark comedy that exposes their inner conflicts, their racial bigotry and their low self-esteem as they struggle to survive

Children Literature Free Essays

Children Literature in a Pluralistic Society Mariela Cuevas ENG/290 June 1, 2012 Dr. Denese Wolff How theoretical models and critical approaches apply to children’s literature. The importance of understanding the complexity of the way children’s learn is crucial. We will write a custom essay sample on Children Literature or any similar topic only for you Order Now Each age faces a different challenge and opens a door to a new learning step. Children are like sponges and the responsibility of teaching children is an experience that only teachers that have the passion of education can understand. Children develop a personality and character within the first seven years therefore selecting a good school is as important as creating good food habits, sleeping routine, or reading the appropriate books. Every action can create an impact in a child. Prospective teachers have the responsibility to learn how children develop and the complexity of each age. Learning to understand children’s abilities and curiosity can only be a benefit for the child and the teacher. The book selected is â€Å"The Giving Tree† by Shel Silverstain. This book offers a message that teaches a good lesson about the importance of giving and receiving. The book is very simple vocabulary, and nice simple designs as well. Easy to read, and understand. â€Å"The Giving Tree† offers a simple environment in which the reader can relate. The little boy growing at the same time as the tree is. The tree offers any assistance to please the boy without expecting anything in return but company and fulfilled the need of being needed. The history at the end leaves a good sensation. There are many theories about the child development; however, four of them are relevant to mention. The theory of Jean Piaget focused on the intellectual development. Erik Erikson wanted to understand better about children social development, and Lawrence Kohlberg focused on the moral side. The fourth theory from Vygotsky although explains about social development differs significantly from the rest of theories. One theory that would apply for this book would be the Kohlberg’s Theory of the development of moral judgment in which children start learning about what is right and wrong in life. Kohlberg divides his theory in two stages, or levels, the pre-conventional and the conventional. The Giving Tree† is a book in which children read about giving and receiving. Children learn about sharing moments fun and not so happy too. The book also touch the subject about the evolution of life starting with a little boy looking to play in the swing and ending with an elder man looking to sit. Books as â€Å"The Giving Tree† can offer a different message during the childhoo d, because every age has a different level if understanding therefore â€Å"The Giving Tree† is a highly recommend lecture for children even after the elementary age. How to cite Children Literature, Papers

Harry Lee Kuan Yew free essay sample

His Hakka great-grandfather, Lee Bok Boon who was born in 1846, emigrated from the Dapu county of Guangdong province in China to the Straits Settlements in 1862. Harry Lee Kuan Yew was born on 16 September 1923, at 92 Kampong Java Road in Singapore, a large and airy bungalow. Mr Lee was the eldest child of Lee Chin Koon and Chua Jim Neo. Mr Lee had three other brothers, Lee Suan Yew, Dennis Lee and Freddy Lee and a sister; Monica Lee Kim Mon. Mr Lee belonged to a Peranakan family but as they grew up in British Singapore, he was strongly influenced by British culture. His grandfather, Lee Hoon Leong, had given his sons an English education. His grandfather gave him the name Harry while the name Kuan Yew was given by his father. He was mostly known as Harry Lee for his first 30 or so years, and still is to many close friends and family. Since entering politics, he has mostly styled himself Lee Kuan Yew. Mr Lee married Kwa Geok Choo on 30 September 1950. His wife died on 2 October 2010 in her sleep. They have two sons and one daughter. Several members of Lees family hold prominent positions in Singaporean society. His youngest son, Lee Hsien Yang, was also a former Brigadier-General and former President and Chief Executive Officer of SingTel. He is currently the Non-Executive Director and Chairman of Fraser and Neave Ltd and chairman of the Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore (CAAS). His daughter, Lee Wei Ling, runs the National Neuroscience Institute. Lee Hsien Loongs wife, Ho Ching, is the Executive Director and CEO of Temasek Holdings. Mr Lee was educated at Telok Kurau Primary School, Raffles Institution, where he was a member of the 01 Raffles Scout Group, and Raffles College, now National University of Singapore. His university education was however delayed by World War II and the 1942–1945 Japanese occupation of Singapore. Mr Lee also learned Japanese as an adult and he worked as a Japanese translator during the Japanese Occupation of Singapore. During the occupation, he operated a successful black market business selling tapioca-based glue called Stikfas. Having taken Chinese and Japanese lessons since 1942, he was able to find work transcribing Allied wire reports for the Japanese, as well as being the English-language editor on the Japanese Hodobu, an information or propaganda department, from 1943 to 1944. After the war, he briefly attended the London School of Economics before moving to Cambridge University, where he studied Law at Fitzwilliam College and graduated with Double Starred First Class Honours. He was subsequently made an honorary fellow of Fitzwilliam College. He returned to Singapore in 1949 to practise as a lawyer in Laycock and Ong, the legal practice of John Laycock, a pioneer of multiracialism who, together with A. P. Rajah and C. C. Tan, had founded Singapores first multiracial club open to Asians. I plan to base my research on how Mr Lee made positive impacts to Singapore by contributing to her political aspect. Mr Lee says a major reason for Singapores economic achievements is its political stability. He attributes much of this to the dominant role of the Peoples Action Party (PAP). Mr Lee had a role as an election agent for John Laycock under the banner of the pro-British Progressive Party in the 1951 legislative council elections. This was his first ever experience with politics. However, Mr Lee eventually realised the party was unlikely to win mass support, especially from the Chinese-speaking working class. This was especially important when the 1953 Rendel Constitution expanded the electoral rolls to include all local-born as voters, resulting in a significant increase in Chinese voters. His big break came when he was engaged as a legal advisor to the trade and students unions, which provided Mr Lee with a link to the Chinese-speaking, working-class world. On 12 November 1954, Mr Lee, together with a group of fellow English-educated middle-class men, formed the socialist People’s Action Party in an expedient alliance with the pro-communist trade unionists. Mr Lee described this alliance as a â€Å"marriage of convenience†, since the English-educated group needed the pro-communists mass support base while he communists needed a non-communist party leadership as a smoke screen because the Malayan Communist Party was illegal. Their common aims were to agitate for self-government and put an end to British colonial rule. An inaugural conference was held at the Victoria Memorial Hall, attended by over 1,500 supporters and trade unionists. Mr Lee became secretary-general, a post he held until 1992, save for a brief period in 1957. In the 1955 elections, Mr Lee won the Tanjong Pagar seat. He became the opposition leader against David Saul Marshalls Labour Front-led coalition government. He was also one of PAPs representatives to the two constitutional discussions held in London over the future status of Singapore, the first led by Marshall and the second by Lim Yew Hock, Marshalls hard-line successor. It was during this period that Mr Lee had to contend with rivals from both within and outside the PAP. In the national elections held on 1 June 1959, the PAP won 43 of the 51 seats in the legislative assembly. Singapore gained self-government with autonomy in all state matters except defence and foreign affairs, and Mr Lee became the first Prime Minister of Singapore on 5 June 1959. He would continue his role as Prime Minister until stepping down in 1990, but he continued to wield outsized influence on government as a cabinet member, first as Senior Minister and later as Minister Mentor. He was the worlds longest-serving Prime Minister when he stepped down. Mr Lee spent 52 years in cabinet when finally he resigned in 2011. After Malayan Prime Minister Tunku Abdul Rahman proposed the formation of a federation that would include Malaya, Singapore, Sabah and Sarawak in 1961, Mr Lee began to campaign for a merger with Malaysia to end British colonial rule. He used the results of a referendum held on 1 September 1962, in which 70% of the votes were cast in support of his proposal, to demonstrate that the people supported his plan. On 16 September 1963, Singapore became part of Malaysia. However, it was short-lived. Mr Lee openly opposed the bumiputra policy and used the Malaysian Solidarity Conventions famous cry of Malaysian Malaysia! † a nation serving the Malaysian nationality, as opposed to the Malay race. The 1964 race riots in Singapore followed, such as that on Muhammads birthday 21 July 1964, near Kallang Gasworks, in which 23 people were killed and, hundreds injured as Chinese and Malays attacked each other. More riots broke out in September 1964, as rioters looted cars and shops, forcing both Tunku Abdul Rahman and Mr Lee to make public appearances in order to calm the situation. Unable to resolve the crisis, the Tunku decided to expel Singapore from Malaysia, choosing to sever all ties with a State Government that showed no measure of loyalty to its Central Government. Mr Lee was adamant and tried to work out a compromise, but without success. Mr Lee signed a separation agreement on 7 August 1965, which discussed Singapores post-separation relations with Malaysia in order to continue co-operation in areas such as trade and mutual defence. The failure of the merger was a heavy blow to Mr Lee, who believed that it was crucial for Singapore’s survival. In a televised press conference on television that day, he broke down emotionally as he formally announced the separation and the full independence of Singapore. The Malaysian Parliament passed the required resolution that would sever Singapores ties to Malaysia as a state, and thus the Republic of Singapore was created. Singapores lack of natural resources, a water supply that was beholden primarily to Malaysia and a very limited defensive capability were the major challenges that Mr Lee and the Singaporean Government faced. However, Mr Lee would eventually pull Singapore through and help Singapore prosper and enjoy success. Mr Lee began to seek international recognition of Singapores independence. Singapore joined the United Nations on 21 September 1965, and founded the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) on 8 August 1967 with four other Southeast Asian countries. Mr Lee made his first official visit to Indonesia on 25 May 1973, just a few years after the Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation under Sukarnos regime. Relations between Singapore and Indonesia substantially improved as subsequent visits were made between Singapore and Indonesia. Singapore has never had a dominant culture to which immigrants could assimilate even though Malay was the dominant language at that time. Together with efforts from the government and ruling party, Mr Lee tried to create a unique Singaporean identity in the 1970s and 1980s—one which heavily recognised racial consciousness within the umbrella of multiculturalism. Mr Lee and his government stressed the importance of maintaining religious tolerance and racial harmony, and they were ready to use the law to counter any threat that might incite ethnic and religious violence. Lee Kuan Yew had three main concerns – national security, the economy, and social issues – during his post-independence administration. As Singapore gained admission to the UN, Mr Lee quickly sought international recognition of Singapores independence. He declared a policy of neutrality and non-alignment. At the same time, he asked Goh Keng Swee to build up the Singapore Armed Forces (SAF) and requested help from other countries for advice, training and facilities. Mr Lee always placed great importance on developing the economy, and his attention to detail on this aspect went even to the extent of connecting it with other facets of Singapore, including the countrys extensive and meticulous tending of its international image of being a Garden City, something that has been sustained to this day. Like many countries, Singapore had problems with political corruption. Mr Lee introduced legislation giving the Corrupt Practices Investigation Bureau (CPIB) greater power to conduct arrests, search, call up witnesses, and investigate bank accounts and income-tax returns of suspected persons and their families. In the late 1960s, fearing that Singapores growing population might overburden the developing economy, Mr Lee started a vigorous â€Å"Stop at Two† family planning campaign. In 1983, Mr Lee sparked the Great Marriage Debate when he encouraged Singapore men to choose highly educated women as wives. He was concerned that a large number of graduate women were unmarried. Some sections of the population, including graduate women, were upset by his views. Nevertheless, a matchmaking agency Social Development Unit (SDU) was set up to promote socialising among men and women graduates. To help Singapore further, Mr Lee looked forward to improving relationships with Mahathir bin Mohamad upon the latters promotion to Deputy Prime Minister. Knowing that Mahathir was in line to become the next Prime Minister of Malaysia, Mr Lee invited Mahathir to visit Singapore in 1978. The first and subsequent visits improved both personal and diplomatic relationships between them. Mahathir asked Mr Lee to cut off links with the Chinese leaders of the Democratic Action Party; in exchange, Mahathir undertook not to interfere in the affairs of Malay Singaporeans. In June 1988, Mr Lee and Mahathir reached an agreement in Kuala Lumpur to build the Linggui dam on the Johor River. After Mr Lee stepped down in 1990, he held only non-executive advisory positions. Mr Lee is still believed to hold sway over many executive decisions. With over half a century of service in government, Mr Lee leaves behind a legacy so long and casts a shadow so large that his actions and accomplishments in office have yet to be fully evaluated by many Singaporeans themselves. As Prime Minister, Mr Lee presided over an exponential increase in Singapores Gross Domestic Product (GDP) from US$704 million in 1960 to US$38 billion in 1990. This figure currently stands at US$222 billion, or over 300 times its level in 1960. Adjusting for cost of living differences, Singapores GDP per capita was ranked 3rd globally by the International Monetary Fund in 2010. This is a remarkable achievement and one that we owe to Mr Lee. Few countries have grown so rapidly, and Singapores economic success has been widely hailed by international observers. The city Mr Lee inherited in 1959 was very different from the Singapore of today. The streets are now sparkling clean, and the city runs like clockwork. Singapore is a leading financial centre, and boasts an impressive skyline that is easily recognizable. Among other things, Singapores public transportation and education systems are consistently rated highly in international rankings. Singapore is also known as a clean and green city, and at least some of this can be attributed to Mr Lees tough stance against chewing gum and littering. Southeast Asia has developed considerably over the past half-century, but Singapore has leaped even further ahead of her much larger and well-endowed neighbours. It is testament to the combined effort of all Singaporeans, under the erstwhile stewardship of Mr Lee and his team that the country now stands as an oasis of prosperity, orderliness and efficiency, almost as an oddity in contrast to the region. Fortunately, Mr Lee’s contributions have not gone unnoticed. He is widely respected by many Singaporeans, particularly the older generation, who remember his inspiring leadership during independence and the separation from Malaysia. Indeed, for many people in Singapore and other countries, Mr Lee is inextricably linked with their perceptions of Singapores country brand. Mr Lee has foresight, great leadership, is influential, passionate and patriotic. We ought to thank him for our wonderful lives here in Singapore.

Artificial Intelligence Self Sustaining Cars

Question: Write about theArtificial Intelligencefor Self Sustaining Cars. Answer: Introduction The morals of automatic reasoning and AI are the major elements of ethics in innovative technologies, mainly, in robotics, self-sustaining cars and in different artificial systems. It's far usually isolated into robotics, the essential concern with the moral conduct of humans is that as to how they construct, configure, make use of and treat an AI device. This study includes the ethical dilemma which is faced by an electric car firm and also by the AI consultant of the company. This study consists of some values in addition to the ethical choices and methods to resolve the moral dilemma. The Australian Computer Society Code of ethics are mentioned in this business report to solve the problems of moral or ethical dilemma. Ethical Analysis Ethical Dilemma The AI consultant at the electric auto organization is asking individuals or all inclusive of how they think a robot auto ought to deal with such critical choices. Their objective is not only for the better calculations and moral principles to control the self-sufficient vehicles, but to comprehend what it will take for the society to acknowledge the vehicles and utilize them. It's simply the prickly moral quandary confronting engineers of self-driving autos: who to murder (Ashrafian, 2014). As Volvo pushes for a trial of self-driving autos on Sydney streets, the new research proposes that individuals by and large are in favour of self-driving autos yielding their travellers to spare others however, they're not all that quick to ride in the utilitarian autos themselves. This struggle between the good values and the individual self-intrigue indicates exactly that how troublesome it will be to settle on choices about programming the autos, regardless of the desires that the vehicles w ill significantly enhance the streets wellbeing (Borenstein, Arkin, 2016). A few troubles of the machine morals or ethics are much corresponding to several different difficulties compulsory in the outlining of machines.Designing a robot arm to abstain from pulverizing stray individuals are not ethically loaded than planning a different idea for the manufacturing of automated cars.It includes new programming challenges, yet no new moral difficulties (Davies, 2016). AI Consultant Consequences In any case, the sheer multifaceted nature of human esteem structures makes it extremely hard to form the AI's inspirations quality-accommodating. Unless, a good logic gives a faultless moral or ethical hypothesis, an AI's consultant utility capacity could be taken as conceivably unsafe situations that accommodate with a granted moral structure yet not "judgment skills" (Etzioni, Etzioni, 2017). As indicated by the AI consultant, there is a little acts to assume that a falsely planned personality might have so much adaptation. The AI consultant proposes an outline that keeps away from some sorts of unintentional AI conducts at firm, including self-daydream, unintended instrumental actions, as well as defilement of a consequence generator. Consequences for the Car Customers As a result of this ethical circumstance, the AI master has developed the most beneficial electric automobiles to diminish the incidents and for saving the lives of the general population (Filipe, 2014). Greatest inconsistency of items over the devilishness. Problems and additionally issues with the utilitarianism. AI Consultant Duties The AI advisor needs to sort out a meeting and in addition ring the CEO and some staff individuals, for example, extend pioneers, designers, and bosses and examine the whole problem with them so as to stay away from the future perplexities. At the point when each and every perplexity identified with the displaying venture is legitimately characterized, then the AI advisor must relegate diverse errands to various staff individuals and to each worker according to their strength and capacity. The AI specialist must dole out the exact day and age to finish the specific errand, so that the venture ought to be finished on time and help the association to achieve the future advantages (Lin, Abney, Bekey, 2011). Typical Response of a Caring Person Typically, the center morals endeavor to keep up the association by contextualizing as well as propelling the success of paternal figures and also mind receivers in an provision of social dealings. Routinely described as a practice rather than a speculation, mind incorporates the keeping up of the trust of the clients, and giving electric autos a moderate mischances on the streets without any doubt (McLaren, 2013). The electric autos that the firm offers to their clients must address all the prerequisites of the association and their clients. John must form an inspiration program for the CEO and other staff of the firm to give care to those people and clients, who are helpless and additionally reliant (Petersen, 2011). ACS Code and Requirements The ACS code of expert alludes to the Australian PC society. The ACS code of morals is the piece of the ACS constitution. As the ACS part, one should need to maintain and propel the pride, respect, and adequacy of being an expert. The power of people in general intrigue: The general population intrigue takes the priority over the individual with regards to the code "The supremacy of the general population intrigue. The improvement of personal satisfaction: The ICT advancements already had the significant effect on our general public and methods for surviving this effect had been useful to the extremely extraordinary degree, for example, ICT likewise had some adverse impact of its advances on everyone and will keep on doing so. Genuineness: In the particular trust of the partners or the calling, one should not need to break the general society trust. The majority of the expert activities and choices must be underlined under the recognition of the most extreme respectability and trustworthiness (Torrance, 2012). Skill: Organization need to be mindful of their own impediment that they have the capability that others don't have. It's not important for the organization to know each of the aspects of the ICT, but when required they should have the capacity to perceive the extra data and skill. Proficient improvement: Keep the firm refreshed with new innovations which are significant or valuable for their work and furthermore firm need to support their partners and staff individuals to do a similar thing. Polished skill: The ICT business is moderately portrayed and designed by the fast changes. The ACS is attempting to advance the general societys trust in the ICT enterprise. Prerequisite letter: The prerequisite for this contextual analysis as per the ACS is given beneath: Open intrigue: Endeavor to ensure the security, trustworthiness, utility, and coherence of the ICT. Trustworthiness: Do not purposely deceive the customer as indicated by the reasonableness of their administrations and item. Fitness: Happily acknowledge the duty of their own particular work. Professionalism: Refrain from the activity that may discolor the picture of the calling into their expert part. Defence for the AI Consultant A typical reaction to ethically vague circumstance is to take care of the law while limiting the harm, however as much as could be expected. This technique is engaging in light of the fact that it not just enables a designer to legitimize the auto's activities without a ton of exertion, it likewise passes the duty of characterizing moral conduct to lawmakers (Siler, 2015). Automated vehicles face a more prominent test. They ought to be chosen rapidly, with inadequate data, in conditions that developers on a regular basis won't have reasoned, utilizing morals that should be encoded truly in programming. Fortunately, people usually don't expect the superhuman astuteness rather a sound avocation for the vehicle's activity that conceives the moral diverges. An answer should not be immaculate, however, it ought to be insightful and solid. Advice for AI Consultant Sooner or later, closer than-may be-agreeable future, a self-sufficient vehicle will end up in a circumstance where something would be turned out badly, and it has two alternatives: possibly it can make a move that will protect its traveler while putting a person who is waking on foot at hazard, or it can make an alternate move that will keep the passerby safe while putting its traveler at hazard. What an AV does in circumstances like these will rely on how it's been customized: as such, what moral decision its product instructs it to make (Petersen, 2011). On the off chance that there were clear moral instructions that society could concede about how the AVs ought to carry on when going up against with such choices, AI consultant could simply program those in and be finished with it. In any case, there is a close vast number of conceivable moral issues, and inside everyone, the most moral strategy can fluctuate from individual to individual. Besides, it's not quite recently the trav elers who have a say in how the AVs carry on, additionally the producers, and almost certainly, the government controllers (Davies, 2016). Conclusion However, in light of the fact that the lawful system for self-sufficient vehicles does not yet exist, AI consultant have the chance to construct one that is educated by morals. This will be the test in making laws and approaches that represent mechanized autos: AI consultant have to guarantee that they bode well. Programming a robot auto to carelessly take over the law may be silly and hazardous. References Ashrafian, H. (2014). Artificial Intelligence and Robot Responsibilities: Innovating Beyond Rights.Science And Engineering Ethics,21(2), 317-326. Borenstein, J., Arkin, R. (2016). Nudging for good: robots and the ethical appropriateness of nurturing empathy and charitable behavior.AI SOCIETY. Davies, J. (2016). Program good ethics into artificial intelligence.Nature. Etzioni, A., Etzioni, O. (2017). Incorporating Ethics into Artificial Intelligence.The Journal Of Ethics. Filipe, J. (2014).Agents and artificial intelligence(1st ed.). Heidelberg: Springer. LAWRENCE, D., PALACIOS-GONZLEZ, C., HARRIS, J. (2016). Artificial Intelligence.Cambridge Quarterly Of Healthcare Ethics,25(02), 250-261. Lin, P., Abney, K., Bekey, G. (2011). Robot ethics: Mapping the issues for a mechanized world.Artificial Intelligence,175(5-6), 942-949. McLaren, B. (2013). Extensionally defining principles and cases in ethics: An AI model.Artificial Intelligence,150(1-2), 145-181. Petersen, S. (2011). The ethics of robot servitude.Journal Of Experimental Theoretical Artificial Intelligence,19(1), 43-54. Poole, D., Mackworth, A. (2011).Artificial intelligence(1st ed.). Cambridge [u.a.]: Cambridge Univ. Press. Siler, C. (2015). Review of Anderson and Anderson's Machine Ethics.Artificial Intelligence,229, 200-201. Torrance, S. (2012). Artificial agents and the expanding ethical circle.AI SOCIETY,28(4), 399-414.